Pertaining to or originating in the Ukraine.

Liczba mnoga: Ukrainians

The Slavic language spoken in the Ukraine.
Member of the majority ethnic group living in Ukraine; there are minorities in Siberian Russia, Kazakhstan, Poland, Slovakia, and Romania. There are 40–45 million speakers of Ukrainian, a member of the East Slavonic branch of the Indo-European family, closely related to Russian. Ukrainian-speaking communities are also found in Canada and the US.
The word “Ukraine” is derived from a Slav word meaning “borderland”, and historically the region was ruled by Russians and Poles. It is sometimes referred to by Russians as Little Russia, although this is a description that Ukrainians generally do not find appropriate. In the Ukraine there are distinct Ukrainian communities in the west (Lemky), east (Verkhovyntsi), north (Volhynians), and southwest (Hutusuls).

Liczba mnoga: Ukrainian literatures

Like Russian and Belorussian writing, Ukrainian literature has its origins in books written in Kievan Russ from the 11th to the 13th century. After the disruption of Mongol invasion, Ukrainian writing revived in the 16th century. It acquired a new vigor from the late 18th century in works such as the influential Virgilian travesty Eneida 1798 by Ivan Kotlyarevsky (1769–1838). Ukrainian Romanticism reached a climax in the influential poetry of Shevchenko and Books of Genesis of the Ukrainian People 1846 by Mykola Kostomarov (1817–1885), despite (or because of) Russian disfavor, including an eventual ban on all Ukrainian publications 1863 and 1871. The later 19th century saw distinguished realist fiction by Panas Myrny (1849–1920) and by Ivan Franko (1856–1916), influenced by Zola.
In the 20th century writers such as the romantic Mykola Khvlovy (1893–1933) flourished until Stalinist Socialist Realism cast a blight in the 1930s, but Ukrainian literature revived in the 1960s with the work of new writers such as Lina Kostenko (1930– ), who incurred official displeasure for her un-Soviet “formalism”.